Primary sources:
Xinjiang Daily (Xinjiang Ribao), January 20, 1948 to December 31, 1965

People’s Daily (Renmin Ribao), 1959 - 1965

Zhongguo Renkou Nianjian (China's Population Yearbook)

China Statistical Yearbooks Database (CNKI)

Proquest Historical Newspapers: Chinese Newspaper Collection

Google Earth, historical imagery, 1984* - 2021


Secondary sources:
Fang, Yingkai and Li Fushen. The History of the Xinjiang Corps’ Reclamation and Frontier Defense (Xinjiang Bingtuan Tunkenchang Lishi). Volume 1 and 2. Xinjiang Keji Weisheng Chubanshe, 1997.
[These two volumes will serve as a primary source of historical information on the XPCC]

Kardos, Amy. “‘Fields of White Gold:’ The Cotton Experiment in Chinese Central Asia, 1950-1955.” Journal of the Southwest Conference on Asian Studies 7 (2011): 100-116.

Krauss, Charles Richard. “Chapter 2: Origins.” In “Xinjiang’s 100,000: State-led Urban-to-Rural Population Resettlement in Socialist China” (PhD diss., George Washington University, 2017).

McMillen, Donald. "Xinjiang and the Production and Construction Corps: A Han Organization in a Non-Han Region." The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no.6 (August, 1981), 65-96.

Seymour, James D. “Xinjiang’s Production and Construction Corps, and the Sinification of East Turkestan.” Inner Asia 2, no.2 (2000). Special Issue: Xinjiang: 171-193.

Yu, Zhang. Going to the Countryside: The Rural in the Modern Chinese Cultural Imagination<, 1915-1965. University of Michigan Press, 2020.